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Nirankar Singh
How and when our universe was formed, the mystery of this mystery remains unsolved even today. Nowadays, there is a debate going on among scientists on such invisible energy (dark energy) and invisible matter (dark matter) prevailing in the universe. Although the hypothesis of invisible energy was made by Albert Einstein long ago. There was also a place for ‘dark energy’ in his theories. Although he himself was skeptical about it. He also considered it a ‘mistake’ of his.
In fact, dark energy is believed to be such an unknown energy due to which the universe is expanding rapidly and the celestial bodies are moving away from each other. Scientists used to believe that seventy percent of our universe is made up of this energy. Although no one knows what this energy is. Many scientists are trying to investigate this unknown energy and its properties by studying galaxies thousands to millions of light years away. The facts and figures that have been found prove that what Einstein considered a ‘mistake’ was also a miracle of his genius, which is proving true today.
In fact, astronomers and physicists have not yet been able to explain dark matter. This mysterious substance makes up more than eighty percent of the mass of every great structure in the universe, from galaxies to cosmic waves. An exciting possibility is that dark matter originates from black holes. Like dark matter, black holes do not emit any light. Black holes are a natural explanation for dark matter. But astronomers have long known that ordinary black holes with stellar mass cannot explain the dark matter of the universe. That’s because there haven’t been enough stars in the history of the universe to make enough black holes for the dark matter known.
A black hole is believed to be a mysterious object in the universe that exerts gravity, but does not interact with light. It may be made of small particles. But now a new theory suggests that black holes may be made of quantum packets with subatomic particles known as fermions. These are thought to have been lumped together in tight packets during the childhood of the universe. The early moments in the universe offered a pretty stunning physique. It may be that this was going on at that time, due to which trillions and trillions of small black holes would have been formed. These black holes may persist to this day and may possibly solve the puzzle of dark matter.
It is now known that ninety-five percent of space is made up of invisible matter and energy. The remaining five percent is from physical materials. These include planets, constellations, stars, all that we can see. Scientists believe that this invisible matter and energy is the link, which has tied this entire universe in a sequential manner. Dark matter is made up of materials that do not absorb, emit and reflect light. For this reason, it is not possible to see it on the strength of the means so far.
Scientific hypothesis says that this invisible matter and energy is the basis of this universe. We do not yet have a developed understanding of these substances. We have not got any solid basis to understand this till now. But it cannot be denied that these substances do not exist.
So far research has shown that the interconnection of planets, stars and galaxies in the universe with gravitational binding energy could not be established. There is some other unknown thing that is holding them back. Otherwise the gravity would have weakened by now and all the planets, constellations and stars would have deviated from their orbital path. But today they are all stable. Why is it like this? This can only happen if this universe has a mass five times greater than the one we observe. This is where the concept of invisible matter i.e. dark matter emerged. It is dark matter that is giving mass to the universe.
Yale University professor Peter Dokkum along with his team studied a galaxy called Dragon Fly 44. In this, he found that despite being a large galaxy, how could it be possible that it has fewer stars? This galaxy was stable even with fewer stars. This was quite a matter of concern, because the fewer the stars, the less the effect of gravity within the galaxy. Stars cannot survive within the Milky Way due to low gravity. So they will go astray from the path.
Dokkum and his team may not have guessed this, but there is something that is keeping this galaxy stable. The results of the investigation of his experiments were astonishing. Only about 0.01 percent of this galaxy was made up of normal matter, the remaining 99.99 part was surrounded by dark matter.
Astronomers believe that dark matter is made up of non-brionic materials. Bryonic matter contains electrons, protons and neutrons. In a sense bryonic substances are those that we can see. On the other hand, we do not know anything about non-brionic matter. In these non-brionic substances, a substance comes wimp particle i.e. weekly interacting massive particle. It is believed that dark matter is formed from wimp particles. Some scientists also say that dark matter is a group of galaxies where other laws of physics work.
Scientists have given many theories about the origin of the universe. According to one of these, the universe began with a very hot and dense atmosphere. These extreme conditions allow for some physical processes that do not occur under normal conditions in today’s universe. The first component is called an invisible field, which is a quantum mechanical state that envelops all of space. The famous Higgs field, which gives matter its mass, is an example. As the universe expanded and cooled, this invisible region followed a phase transition that transitioned from one quantum mechanical state to another.
This transition did not happen in the entire universe at once. There were some points from where the infection started and then spread. Knots of fermions collapsed catastrophically, creating vast numbers of black holes, packed into tiny packets in a rapidly changing universe. These black holes then survived to the end of the phase transition and continued to accrete the universe as dark matter. This is a revolutionary proposal.
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